The conductors between a voltage source and a load are called lines, and the voltage between any two lines is called line voltage. Small loads often use only a two-wire single-phase circuit, which may be derived from a three-phase system. Three-phase power is mainly used directly to power large induction motors, other electric motors and other heavy loads. Because it is an AC system, it allows the voltages to be easily stepped-up using transformers to high voltage for transmission and back down for distribution, giving high efficiency.Ī three-wire three-phase circuit is usually more economical than an equivalent two-wire single-phase circuit at the same line to ground voltage because it uses less conductor material to transmit a given amount of electrical power. In three-phase power, the voltage on each wire is 120 degrees phase shifted relative to each of the other wires. Three-phase electrical power was developed in the 1880s by several people. It is a type of polyphase system employing three wires (or four including an optional neutral return wire) and is the most common method used by electrical grids worldwide to transfer power. Three-phase electric power (abbreviated 3φ ) is a common type of alternating current (AC) used in electricity generation, transmission, and distribution. Three-phase transformer with four wire output for 208Y/120 volt service: one wire for neutral, others for A, B and C phases
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